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      Eclipse JSP/Servlet 环境搭建
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        <h2 id="0-软件下载"><a href="#0-软件下载" class="headerlink" title="0.软件下载"></a>0.软件下载</h2><hr>
<p>本文假定你已安装了 JDK 环境，如未安装，可参阅 Java 开发环境配置 。</p>
<p>我们可以使用 Eclipse 来搭建 JSP 开发环境，首先我们分别下载一下软件包：</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Eclipse J2EE</a></li>
<li><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/download-70.cgi" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Tomcat</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="1-Tomcat-下载安装"><a href="#1-Tomcat-下载安装" class="headerlink" title="1.Tomcat 下载安装"></a>1.Tomcat 下载安装</h2><hr>
<p>你可以根据你的系统下载对应的包 (以下以 Window 系统为例)：<br><img src="/2019/05/23/eclipse-servlet/1.png" alt="1"><br>下载之后，将压缩包解压到 D 盘（你可以自己选择）：<br><img src="/2019/05/23/eclipse-servlet/2.png" alt="2"><br>注意目录名不能有中文和空格。目录介绍如下：</p>
<ul>
<li>bin：二进制执行文件。里面最常用的文件是 startup.bat，如果是 Linux 或 Mac 系统启动文件为 startup.sh。</li>
<li>conf: 配置目录。里面最核心的文件是 server.xml。可以在里面改端口号等。默认端口号是 8080，也就是说，此端口号不能被其他应用程序占用。</li>
<li>lib：库文件。tomcat 运行时需要的 jar 包所在的目录</li>
<li>logs：日志</li>
<li>temp：临时产生的文件，即缓存</li>
<li>webapps：web 的应用程序。web 应用放置到此目录下浏览器可以直接访问</li>
<li>work：编译以后的 class 文件。</li>
</ul>
<p>接着我们可以双击 startup.bat 启动 Tomcat，弹出如下界面：<br><img src="/2019/05/23/eclipse-servlet/3.png" alt="3"><br>这个时候，本地的服务器就已经搭建起来了。如果想关闭服务器，可以直接关闭上面的窗口，或者在里面输入 Ctrl+C 禁止服务。<br>接着我们在浏览器中输入 <a href="http://localhost:8080/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://localhost:8080/</a>，如果弹出如下界面，表示 tomcat 安装成功并且启动起来了：<br><img src="/2019/05/23/eclipse-servlet/4.jpg" alt="4"></p>
<h2 id="2-将-Tomcat-和-Eclipse-相关联"><a href="#2-将-Tomcat-和-Eclipse-相关联" class="headerlink" title="2.将 Tomcat 和 Eclipse 相关联"></a>2.将 Tomcat 和 Eclipse 相关联</h2><hr>
<p>选择菜单栏 Windows–&gt;preferences（Mac 系统为 Eclipse–&gt; 偏好设置），弹出如下界面：<br><img src="/2019/05/23/eclipse-servlet/5.png" alt="5"><br>上图中，点击 “add” 的添加按钮，弹出如下界面：<br><img src="/2019/05/23/eclipse-servlet/6.png" alt="6"><br>在选项中，我们选择对应的 Tomcat 版本，接着点击 “Next”，选择 Tomcat 的安装目录，并选择我们安装的 Java 环境：<br><img src="/2019/05/23/eclipse-servlet/7.png" alt="7"><br>点击 “Finish”，完成配置。</p>
<h2 id="3-创建实例"><a href="#3-创建实例" class="headerlink" title="3.创建实例"></a>3.创建实例</h2><hr>
<p>选择 “File–&gt;New–&gt;Dynamic Web Project”，创建 TomcatTest 项目：<br><img src="/2019/05/23/eclipse-servlet/8.png" alt="8"><br><img src="/2019/05/23/eclipse-servlet/9.png" alt="9"><br>点开上图中的红框部分，弹出如下界面：<br><img src="/2019/05/23/eclipse-servlet/10.jpg" alt="10"><br>注意如果已默认选择了我们之前安装的 Tomcat 和 JDK 则可跳过此步。<br>然后，单击 finish, 继续：<br><img src="/2019/05/23/eclipse-servlet/11.png" alt="11"><br><img src="/2019/05/23/eclipse-servlet/12.png" alt="12"><br>工程文件结构：<br><img src="/2019/05/23/eclipse-servlet/13.png" alt="13"><br>上图中各个目录解析：</p>
<ul>
<li>deployment descriptor：部署的描述。</li>
<li>Web App Libraries：自己加的包可以放在里面。</li>
<li>build：放入编译之后的文件。</li>
<li>WebContent: 放进写入的页面。</li>
</ul>
<p>在 WebContent 文件夹下新建一个 hello.jsp 文件。在下图中可以看到它的默认代码：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&lt;%@ page language=&quot;java&quot; contentType=&quot;text/html; charset=UTF-8&quot;</span><br><span class="line">    pageEncoding=&quot;UTF-8&quot;%&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC &quot;-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN&quot; &quot;http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd&quot;&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;html&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;head&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;meta http-equiv=&quot;Content-Type&quot; content=&quot;text/html; charset=UTF-8&quot;&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;title&gt;Insert title here&lt;/title&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;/head&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;body&gt;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&lt;/body&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;/html&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>接着我们修改下 test.jsp 文件代码如下所示：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&lt;%@ page language=&quot;java&quot; contentType=&quot;text/html; charset=UTF-8&quot;</span><br><span class="line">    pageEncoding=&quot;UTF-8&quot; import=&quot;java.util.Date&quot;%&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;html&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;head&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;meta http-equiv=&quot;Content-Type&quot; content=&quot;text/html; charset=UTF-8&quot;&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;title&gt;hello&lt;/title&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;style&gt;</span><br><span class="line">	body&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		background-color:limegreen;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&lt;/style&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;/head&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;body&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;h1&gt;今天天气真的好&lt;/h1&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;h2&gt;当前时间 &lt;%=new Date() %&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&lt;/body&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;/html&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>接着我们运行该项目:<br><img src="/2019/05/23/eclipse-servlet/14.png" alt="14"><br>会在内置浏览器中输出：<br><img src="/2019/05/23/eclipse-servlet/15.png" alt="15"><br>亦可浏览器访问 <a href="http://localhost:8080/TomcatTest/test.jsp" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://localhost:8080/TomcatTest/test.jsp</a>, 即可输出正常结果：</p>
<h2 id="4-Servlet实例创建"><a href="#4-Servlet实例创建" class="headerlink" title="4.Servlet实例创建"></a>4.Servlet实例创建</h2><hr>
<p>我们也可以使用以上环境创建 Servlet 文件，选择 “File–&gt;New–&gt;Servlet”:<br><img src="/2019/05/23/eclipse-servlet/16.png" alt="16"><br><img src="/2019/05/23/eclipse-servlet/17.jpg" alt="17"><br>HelloServlet.java 代码如下所示：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">package package1;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">import java.io.IOException;</span><br><span class="line">import javax.servlet.ServletException;</span><br><span class="line">import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;</span><br><span class="line">import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;</span><br><span class="line">import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;</span><br><span class="line">import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">/**</span><br><span class="line"> * Servlet implementation class HelloServlet</span><br><span class="line"> */</span><br><span class="line">@WebServlet(&quot;/HelloServlet&quot;)</span><br><span class="line">public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    /**</span><br><span class="line">     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()</span><br><span class="line">     */</span><br><span class="line">    public HelloServlet() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        super();</span><br><span class="line">        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    /**</span><br><span class="line">     * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)</span><br><span class="line">     */</span><br><span class="line">    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        // 使用 GBK 设置中文正常显示</span><br><span class="line">        response.setCharacterEncoding(&quot;GBK&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">        response.getWriter().write(&quot;百度：http://www.baidu.com&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    /**</span><br><span class="line">     * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)</span><br><span class="line">     */</span><br><span class="line">    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        // TODO Auto-generated method stub</span><br><span class="line">        doGet(request, response);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>创建 /TomcatTest/WebContent/WEB-INF/web.xml 文件（如果没有），代码如下所示：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;UTF-8&quot;?&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;web-app version=&quot;2.5&quot;</span><br><span class="line">    xmlns=&quot;http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee&quot;</span><br><span class="line">    xmlns:xsi=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance&quot;</span><br><span class="line">    xsi:schemaLocation=&quot;http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee</span><br><span class="line">    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd&quot;&gt;</span><br><span class="line">  &lt;servlet&gt;</span><br><span class="line">     &lt;!-- 类名 --&gt;</span><br><span class="line">    &lt;servlet-name&gt;HelloServlet&lt;/servlet-name&gt;</span><br><span class="line">    &lt;!-- 所在的包 --&gt;</span><br><span class="line">    &lt;servlet-class&gt;com.runoob.test.HelloServlet&lt;/servlet-class&gt;</span><br><span class="line">  &lt;/servlet&gt;</span><br><span class="line">  &lt;servlet-mapping&gt;</span><br><span class="line">    &lt;servlet-name&gt;HelloServlet&lt;/servlet-name&gt;</span><br><span class="line">    &lt;!-- 访问的网址 --&gt;</span><br><span class="line">    &lt;url-pattern&gt;/TomcatTest/HelloServlet&lt;/url-pattern&gt;</span><br><span class="line">    &lt;/servlet-mapping&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;/web-app&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<blockquote>
<p>Servlet3.0 新特性 (得 Tomcat7.0 版本及以上)，@WebServlet 用于将一个类声明为 Servlet，该注解将会在部署时被容器处理，容器将根据具体的属性配置将相应的类部署为 Servlet。*</p>
</blockquote>
<p>接着重启 Tomcat，浏览器访问 <a href="http://localhost:8080/TomcatTest/HelloServlet：" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://localhost:8080/TomcatTest/HelloServlet：</a><br><img src="/2019/05/23/eclipse-servlet/18.png" alt="18"></p>

      
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